This suffix simply indicates the possibility of the verb in action eg. demonstrabil what may be demonstrated, demonstrable. The abstract noun of quality is formed by the further suffix -ita, though such forms may have additional (or indeed exclusive) specialized senses eg. probabilita probability, responsabilita responsibility. In passing, the Europaic verb prova translates prove so provabil serves to maintain the necessary distinction in English between provable and probable (notwithstanding the etymologic unity). Whereas in English the suffix -able is treated as a universally transferable [Eur. transferibil] element (whatever the origin of the verb in question), Europaic restricts its application to the 1st conjugation. Verbs of the 2nd conjugation of Romanic origin are formed with -ibil eg. producibil what may be produced, "produce-able", vendibil sell-able. Germanic verbs (whether 2nd conjugation or strong) are invariably formed with -lik eg. sendlik sendable, unspreklik unspeakable. As to the pronunciation of -abil, there should always be emphasis on the a (as in Italian eg. cantabile) and, even, as in French (supposedly unstressed but cf. Fr. responsable). It may be noted that 2nd conjunction verbs bear a different emphasis, namely on the syllable preceding the suffix -ibil.

The same element as in the past participle, often used in French, Spanish and Italian (invariably in the feminine form which is not adopted in Europaic) to express a single or special instance of the action in question. Examples: bloccad, fusillad. Note that, whereas in verbal use this form may be lightly stressed, or entirely unstressed, in this nounal use the final -ad may bear definite emphasis. In Europaic such forms are not used as verbs (unless there is very good reason to adopt or create what is, in effect, a preterite) - instead the original verb is used e.g. blocca serves to translate the English verbs block and blockade.

A relatively rare suffix, normally from words borrowed from French (which also indicates the desired pronunciation). The suffix is interesting in itself, being in origin an adjective formed on the Latin supine, namely L. * -atic-um. By reason of this adjectival origin, it is quite acceptable to use -age words as adjectives or attributive nouns. Words of this group may have specific meanings eg. collage, formage but may also simply be simple nouns of action eg. frottage, sabotage. As with -ad, Anglophones should note such forms are not used as verbs - for example, sabota is the verb for sabotage whereas sabotage means (an act of) sabotage, sabotaging.

A common suffix, the same element as in the present participle but (like -at) with a final t to indicate a classic ie. Latinate formation. Very commonly in the modern Romanic languages this form is used to indicate a (normally human) agent, a usage which is also true of the similar -ent suffix of Romanic verbs of the 2nd conjugation. This usage is also common in standard English words like militant or resident (both of which are also Europaic words), all of which are in origin Latin present participles. In the first place, and in addition to any specialized sense, such words may normally be treated as adjectives. It follows that adjectival or attributive usage is entirely legitimate e.g. tha militant socialists. As an example of where the standard (non-classic) present participle may be used, and for clarification of a semantic difference between -and and -ant, consider an expression like ordinari Iraqis militand contra American occupation ordinary Iraqis militating against American occupation in circumstances where it would be incorrect (or at least misleading) to describe the Iraqis in question as militant(s). Of course, the ordinary (but not exclusive) application of militant (and similar constructions) would be as a noun in any event. This suffix should bear a modest emphasis in any stressed pronunciation and in any event the vowel should not be permitted to degenerate to a schwa (as in English) or an o (as in French).

Historically the index of the past participle (ie. supine) and (like -ant) the final t is the classic form. This suffix normally indicates a special adjectival sense different from that of the normal past participle, or it may indicate a specific noun which has emerged from particular usage of the classic supine form. By way of example, compare (the etymologically identical) numerad numbered and the adjective numerat educated in numbers, numerate. Where -at words signify a special quality, the abstract noun is formed with the further suffix of -ess eg. numeratess numerateness, numeracy. For a typical nounal usage, consider coagulat something which has coagulated, coagulate. It should be noted that there is a special difference between -ad and -at: the former normally means a single act of the verb in question, the latter normally indicates a thing which has undergone the action of the verb in question. This is a useful and subtle distinction. In passing one may note the specialized use of this suffix in non-verbal constructions (i.e. where there is no 1st conjugation verb to originate the noun in question), often as collective nouns or abstractions of office or power: consider commissar and commissariat; duc duke, ducat dukedom; duchy; episcop bishop, episcopat bishopric; episcopacy; nutrice nurse, nutriciat nurses collectively; the nursing profession.

Primarily indicates action of the verb in question; often numerous subsidiary meanings. Examples: application, duplication, nullification etc. In pronunciation, something between the French -ation and Italian -azione is desirable. Anglophones should note that the a itself is always short, as in at.

This suffix indicates action but not necessarily of an immediate or present nature, rather a generally ability or tendency to do the thing in question. It is therefore less active than the variants of the present participle -and and -ant. Though all words with this suffix are in the first place adjectives (thus permitting adjectival or attributive usage), many have developed special nounal senses. Examples: contemplativ, fricativ, imperativ, laxativ, supportativ. Because -ativ is a suffixed form of the Latin supine, it may be noted that the English word supportive is one syllable too short. Abstract nouns of quality are formed by the addition of the further suffix -ita, though the writer may perhaps ask whether a shorter or more common word is semantically adequate: eg. consider whether supportativita supportiveness is not better expressed by support. As to pronunciation, all Latinate words ending in -iv (whether or not derived from the 1st conjugation) bear a modest emphasis on that final element. This emphasis is routinely misplaced in standard English, with the notable exception of naive (naiv).

Indicates an agent, one who does the verb in question. Examples: agitator, fumator smoker, imperator emperor. Such forms may be used for words where English uses two words or a compound eg. numerator numbering machine. May be unstressed or with modest emphasis on the final o, where the stress necessarily falls in the adjectival forms -atori and -atorial.

Rare feminine form of -ator where the sex of the agent is considered important e.g. dominatrice dominatrix, imperatrice empress. As to pronunciation, there is a modest emphasis on the final i and the final e may be voiced (as in Italian) or not (as in English -ess or French -esse, -ice), according to taste.